typedef datatype

Q . Write and explain the significance of "typedef datatype" in c programming with example.


Ans.


In C typedef is a keyword.


Keyword typedef stands for type definition.


It is used for create an alias name of existing data type. typedef is used by writing the keyword typedef, followed by the existing data type and then the new name.


Syntax:


typedef existing_daya_type new_name ;


Example:


typedef char ch;


In above example, i has defined ch as char, so now i could perfectly use ch as declarations of any other valid types:


ch yourchar;
ch mychar,*str;


Note:- typedef does not create different types. It only create synonyms of existing data types i.e. in our example the type of mychar can be considered to be either ch or char, since both are in fact the same type.


Example of typedef:


typedef int num;
num n1,n2,n3;


/*c program for shows the use of typedef data type */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
  typedef int number;
  number n1,n2,sum;
  printf("Enter n1 : ");
  scanf("%d",&n1);
  printf("Enter n2 : ");
  scanf("%d",&n2);
  sum=n1+n2;
  printf("sum of n1+n2 = %d",sum);
  getch();
  return 0;
}


/*************** OUTPUT ***************/

Example of typedef

typedef can be useful to define an alias for a type that is frequently used within a program.


typedef is also useful to define types when it is possible that we will need to change the type in later our program.


typedef is also used when existing_name is too large or confusing. 


Related post:

1. enum
2. struct
3. union

Heap sorting

Q. Write a C program to sort 5 numbers using heap sorting method.


Ans.


/* c program for heap sorting method*/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void manage(int *, int);
void heapsort(int *, int, int);
int main()
{
 int arr[20]; 
 int i,j,size,tmp,k;
 printf("\n\t------- Heap sorting method -------\n\n");
 printf("Enter the number of elements to sort : ");
 scanf("%d",&size);
 for(i=1; i<=size; i++)
 {
   printf("Enter %d element : ",i);
   scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
   manage(arr,i);
 }
 j=size;
 for(i=1; i<=j; i++)
 {
   tmp=arr[1];
   arr[1]=arr[size];
   arr[size]=tmp;
   size--;
   heapsort(arr,1,size);
 }
 printf("\n\t------- Heap sorted elements -------\n\n");
 size=j;
 for(i=1; i<=size; i++)
     printf("%d ",arr[i]);
 getch();
 return 0;
}


void manage(int *arr, int i)
{
 int tmp; 
 tmp=arr[i];
 while((i>1)&&(arr[i/2]<tmp))
 {
   arr[i]=arr[i/2];
   i=i/2;
 }
 arr[i]=tmp;
}


void heapsort(int *arr, int i, int size)
{
 int tmp,j;
 tmp=arr[i];
 j=i*2;
 while(j<=size)
 {
   if((j<size)&&(arr[j]<arr[j+1]))
      j++;
   if(arr[j]<arr[j/2]) 
      break;
   arr[j/2]=arr[j];
   j=j*2;
 }
 arr[j/2]=tmp;
}

/************* OUTPUT ***************/

Screen shot for Heap sorting C program

Related programs:

1. Heap sorting method and algorithm
2. Bubble sorting
3. Selection sorting
4. Insertion sorting
5. Insertion sorting using function
6. Shell sorting
7. Quick sorting
8. Merge sorting
9. Radix sorting
10. Liner sorting

Number rhombus2

Q. Write a C program to print the number in following fashion:
      1
     212
    32123
   4321234
  543212345
   4321234
    32123
     212
      1


Ans.


/*c program for number pyramid*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
 int num,r,c,sp;
 printf("Enter number of rows : ");
 scanf("%d",&num);
 for(r=1; r<=num; r++)
 {
   for(sp=num-r; sp>0; sp--)
       printf(" ");
   for(c=r; c>=1; c--)
       printf("%d",c);
   for(c=2; c<=r; c++)
       printf("%d",c);
   printf("\n");
 }
 for(r=1; r<=num; r++)
 {
   for(sp=r; sp>=1; sp--)
       printf(" ");
   for(c=num-r; c>=1; c--)
       printf("%d",c);
   for(c=2; c<=num-r; c++)
       printf("%d",c);
   printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}


/*************** OUTPUT ***************/

Merge sorting

Q. Write a C program to that sort 5 numbers using merge sorting.


Ans.
/* c program for merge sorting */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void merge(int [],int ,int ,int );
void part(int [],int ,int );
int main()
{
 int arr[30];
 int i,size;
 printf("\n\t------- Merge sorting method -------\n\n");
 printf("Enter total no. of elements : ");
 scanf("%d",&size);
 for(i=0; i<size; i++)
 {
   printf("Enter %d element : ",i+1);
   scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
 }
 part(arr,0,size-1);
 printf("\n\t------- Merge sorted elements -------\n\n");
 for(i=0; i<size; i++)
 printf("%d ",arr[i]);
 getch();
 return 0;
}


void part(int arr[],int min,int max)
{
 int mid;
 if(min<max)
 {
   mid=(min+max)/2;
   part(arr,min,mid);
   part(arr,mid+1,max);
   merge(arr,min,mid,max);
 }
}


void merge(int arr[],int min,int mid,int max)
{
  int tmp[30];
  int i,j,k,m; 
  j=min;
  m=mid+1;
  for(i=min; j<=mid && m<=max ; i++)
  {
     if(arr[j]<=arr[m])
     {
         tmp[i]=arr[j];
         j++;
     }
     else
     {
         tmp[i]=arr[m];
         m++;
     }
  }
  if(j>mid)
  {
     for(k=m; k<=max; k++)
     {
         tmp[i]=arr[k];
         i++;
     }
  }
  else
  {
     for(k=j; k<=mid; k++)
     {
        tmp[i]=arr[k];
        i++;
     }
  }
  for(k=min; k<=max; k++)
     arr[k]=tmp[k];
}


/************* OUTPUT *****************/

Screen shot for merge sort C program

Related programs:

1. Heap sorting method and algorithm
2. Heap sorting
3. Bubble sorting
4. Selection Sorting
5. Insertion sorting
6. Insertion sorting using function
7. Shell sorting
8. Quick sorting
9. Radix sorting
10. Liner sorting

Symbol rhombus

Q. Write a C program to print the following number structure:
        *
       ***
      *****
     *******
      *****
       ***
        *


Ans.


/*c program for symbol pyramid*/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
  int num,r,c,sp;
  printf("Enter number of rows : ");
  scanf("%d",&num);
  for(r=1; r<=num; r++)
  {
    for(sp=num-r; sp>=1; sp--)
        printf(" ");
    for(c=1; c<=r; c++)
        printf("*");
    for(c=r-1; c>=1; c--)
        printf("*");
    printf("\n");
  }
  for(r=1; r<=num; r++)
  {
    for(sp=r; sp>=1; sp--)
        printf(" ");
    for(c=1; c<=(num-r); c++)
        printf("*");
    for(c=num-r-1; c>=1; c--)
        printf("*");
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();

  return 0;
}


/*********** OUTPUT ************/

Number rhombus

Q.  Write a C program to print following number rhombus. 
      1
     121
    12321
   1234321
  123454321
   1234321
    12321
     121
      1


Ans.


/*c program for number structure*/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
 int num,r,c,sp;
 printf("Enter number of rows : ");
 scanf("%d",&num);
 for(r=1; r<=num; r++)
 {
   for(sp=num-r; sp>=1; sp--)
       printf(" ");
   for(c=1; c<=r; c++)
       printf("%d",c);
   for(c=r-1; c>=1; c--)
       printf("%d",c);
   printf("\n");
 }
 for(r=1; r<=num; r++)
 {
   for(sp=r; sp>=1; sp--)
       printf(" ");
   for(c=1; c<=(num-r); c++)
       printf("%d",c);
   for(c=num-r-1; c>=1; c--)
       printf("%d",c);
   printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}


/************* OUTPUT ***************/

Character rhombus

Q. Write a C program to print character in following fashion.

OR

Write a C program to print a character rhombus.
     A
    ABA
   ABCBA
  ABCDCBA
   ABCBA
    ABA
     A


Ans.


/*c program to print character rhombus structure*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
  char ch,r,c,chh;
  int sp;
  printf("\nEnter any character : ");
  scanf("%c",&ch);
  if(ch>='a' && ch<='z')
     ch=ch-32;
  printf("\n");
  for(r='A'; r<=ch; r++)
  {
     for(sp=ch-r; sp>=1; sp--)
        printf(" ");
     for(c='A'; c<=r; c++)
        printf("%c",c);
     for(c=r-1; c>='A'; c--)
        printf("%c",c);
     printf("\n");
  }
  for(r='A'; 'A'<=ch; ch--,r++)
  {
     for(sp=r; sp>='A'; sp--)
        printf(" ");
     for(c='A'; c<=ch-1; c++)
        printf("%c",c);   
     for(c=ch-2; c>='A'; c--)
        printf("%c",c);
     printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
  return 0;
}


/********** OUTPUT ***********/

CHARACTER RHOMBUS

Square triangle4

Q. write a C program to display the character in following fashion:
A
BA
CBA
DCBA
EDCBA
DCBA
CBA
BA
A


Ans.


/* c program for square character triangle */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
 char ch,r,c;
 int sp;
 printf("\nEnter last character of triangle : ");
 scanf("%c",&ch);
 if(ch>='a' && ch<='z')
    ch=ch-32;
 printf("\n");
 for(r='A'; r<=ch; r++)
 {
    for(c=r; c>='A'; c--)
        printf("%c",c);
    printf("\n");
 }
 for(r='A'; 'A'<=ch; ch--,r++)
 {
    for(c=ch-1; c>='A'; c--)
        printf("%c",c);        
    printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}

/************* OUTPUT **************/

Square triangle3

Q. write a C program to display the character in following fashion:
     A
    AB
   ABC
  ABCD
 ABCDE
  ABCD
   ABC
    AB
     A
Ans.



#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
 char ch,r,c;
 int sp;
 printf("\nEnter last character of triangle : ");
 scanf("%c",&ch);
 if(ch>='a' && ch<='z')
    ch=ch-32;
 printf("\n");
 for(r='A'; r<=ch; r++)
 {
   for(sp=ch-r; sp>=1; sp--)
      printf(" ");
   for(c='A'; c<=r; c++)
      printf("%c",c);
   printf("\n");
 } 
 for(r='A'; 'A'<=ch-1; ch--,r++)  
 {
   for(sp=r; sp>='A'; sp--)
      printf(" ");
   for(c='A'; c<ch; c++)
      printf("%c",c);   
   printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}


/***************** OUTPUT ********************/

Square triangle2

Q. write a C program to display the character in following fashion:


ABCDCBA
 ABCBA
  ABA
   A
Ans.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main()
{
  char ch,r,c;
  int sp;
  printf("\nEnter last character of triangle : ");
  scanf("%c",&ch);
  if(ch>='a' && ch<='z')
      ch=ch-32;
  printf("\n");
  for(r='A'; 'A'<=ch; ch--,r++)
  {
    for(sp=r; sp>'A'; sp--)
       printf(" ");
    for(c='A'; c<=ch; c++)
       printf("%c",c);   
    for(c=ch-1; c>='A'; c--)
       printf("%c",c);
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();

  return 0;

}

/*************** OUTPUT**************/

Square triangle1

Q. write a C program to display the character in following fashion:


       A
      ABA
     ABCBA
    ABCDCBA


Ans.



#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
 char ch,r,c;
 int sp;
 printf("Enter last character of triangle : ");
 scanf("%c",&ch);
 if(ch>='a' && ch<='z')
   ch=ch-32;
 for(r='A'; r<=ch; r++)
 {
   for(sp=ch-r; sp>=1; sp--)
      printf(" ");
   for(c='A'; c<=r; c++)
      printf("%c",c);
   for(c=r-1; c>='A'; c--)
      printf("%c",c);
   printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}


/***************** OUTPUT ******************/

Character triangle

Insertion sorting using function

Q. write a C program for insertion sorting method using function.


Ans.


/* c program for insertion sorting method using function */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void insertion(int [], int );
int main()
{
 int arr[30];
 int i,size;
 printf("\n\t------- Insertion sorting using function -------\n\n");
 printf("Enter total no. of elements : ");
 scanf("%d",&size);
 for(i=0; i<size; i++)
 {
    printf("Enter %d element : ",i+1);
    scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
 }
 insertion(arr,size);
 printf("\n\t------- Insertion sorted elements using function -------\n\n");
 for(i=0; i<size; i++)
    printf(" %d",arr[i]);
 getch();
 return 0;
}
void insertion(int arr[], int size)
{
 int i,j,tmp;
 for(i=0; i<size; i++)
 {
   for(j=i-1; j>=0; j--) 
   {
    if(arr[j]>arr[j+1])
    {
      tmp=arr[j];
      arr[j]=arr[j+1];
      arr[j+1]=tmp;
    }
    else
      break;
   }
 }
}


/*********** OUTPUT ****************/

Insertion sorting with screen shot

Related programs:

1. Heap sorting method and algorithm
2. Heap sorting
3. Bubble sorting
4. Selection Sorting
5. Insertion sorting
6. Shell sorting
7. Quick sorting
8. Merge sorting
9. Radix sorting
10. Liner sorting